Questionnaire Of The Health Care Delivery System - 1755 Words

Health care Markets Analyses of the Health care delivery system The United States has no special type of nationwide system of the health care delivery. In order to obtain health care insurance, the individuals must buy it in the private marketplace, or it is given to them by the government . Part of the traditional health insurance plans, permits the unrestricted selection of the health care provider and compensates on the fee for the service basis, recently, it covers less than 30% of all the employees. There are basically two kinds of MCOs: Health Maintenance organizations and Preferred Provider Organizations. About 70% of the employees registered in MCOs. HMO is the health care delivery system that associates†¦show more content†¦Primary care physicians in the US operate in the private for-profit sector and function in the group practices. The transition to control the health care system has helped to advertise some cost savings in different medical care markets but has also outcome in some rationing of the care. The social determinants of the health care are early childhood growth, income and social status, social support networks and physical environments. Early childhood growth: in diagnosed the disease, the doctor intervenes in the procedure that was often created many years prior. In thinking regarding the causes, the majority of the people get the life lessons perspective that expands the disease roots. Income and social status: the social status of the people is described by the mixture of their wealth, education and lifestyle and by other factors like ethnicity, personality and happenstance. The most obvious of these influences is income- especially not sufficient income- defined either in relative or accurate terms. Accurate poverty refers to having insufficient resources to meet general requirements for the sanctuary, nutrious food and education. Competitive forces in the Health Care Delivery system There are many types of competition forces in the health care system. One of the forces are making national marketplace for the insurance. The services involve mammograms, behavior, and acupuncture and hair pieces. In some of the cases, consumers are needed to buy coverage

Stage of LIfe Free Essays

Erik Erikson was a psychoanalytic theorist, who believed that all humans go through eight stages of development throughout their lifetime. The first stage is called Trust vs. Mistrust. We will write a custom essay sample on Stage of LIfe or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second stage is called Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. Third stage is Initiative vs. Guilt. The fourth stage is Industry vs. Inferiority. Fifth stage is Identity vs. Confusion. Sixth stage is Intimacy vs. Isolation. Seventh stage is Generativity vs. Stagnation. The eighth and final stage is Integrity vs. Despair (Berger, 17). Each stage occurs at a specific time frame and requires achievement to obtain successful completion. The first stage occurs between birth and one year of age. During this stage, if one’s parents provide familiarity, consistency, and continuity, a feeling that the world is a safe place and people are reliable and loving will develop (Berger, 129). Also, the child learns to trust their body and biological urges that go with it. If the parents are inadequate and unreliable, or the child is harmed or rejected, then mistrust is developed. This mistrust will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable. If this stage is achieved successfully, children acquire hope, the belief that even when things aren’t going well they will work out well in the end. The second stage occurs in early childhood. The goal of this stage is to achieve autonomy while minimizing shame and doubt. If a toddler is allowed to explore and manipulate their environment they will develop a sense of independence. The child develops self-esteem and self-control (Berger, 129). If parents or caregivers come down hard on toddlers’ attempts to explore and be independent the toddler will give up and assume that they cannot and should not act on their own. Also, giving children no sense of limits, unrestricted freedom, and doing for children what they should do for themselves will lead them to conclude that they are not good for much and shouldn’t do for themselves. A little shame and doubt is beneficial because without it, one will develop a shameless willfulness that leads one to jump into things without proper consideration of one’s abilities. Too much shame and doubt leads to compulsiveness. If the proper balance at this stage is achieved the virtue of willpower is developed. The third stage occurs during preschool years. Goal is to learn initiative without too much guilt. Initiative means a positive response to the world’s challenges, taking on responsibilities, learning new skills, and feeling purposeful (Berger, 198). If parents encourage children to try out their ideas and accept and encourage fantasy, curiosity, and imagination. Capacity of moral judgment has begun. Parents have the responsibility to encourage the child to â€Å"grow up. † If this process is done too harshly or too abruptly, the child learns to feel guilty about their feelings. Too much initiative and too little guilt leads to ruthlessness, taking initiative and doing whatever it takes to achieve the goals. Extreme form of ruthlessness is sociopathy. On the other hand, too much guilt leads to inhibition. This person will not try things because not trying means nothing to feel guilty about. If a good balance is achieved during this stage a sense of purpose is developed. The fourth stage occurs approximately 5-11 years of age. During this stage parents must encourage, teachers must care, peers must accept. Children must learn that there is pleasure in conceiving a plan and carrying it out (Berger, 272). They must learn the feeling of success. If a child is allowed too little success they will develop a sense of inferiority or incompetence. They may never develop social skills. If this stage is achieved children will develop the virtue of competence and the belief in our own abilities to handle the tasks set before them. Stage five occurs in adolescence. The task is to achieve ego identity and to avoid role confusion. They learn who they are and how they fit into the rest of society (Berger, 348). Through receiving proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration adolescents emerge with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who are unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and confused about themselves and their future. Completing this stage successfully leads to fidelity, the ability to live by society’s standards and expectations. Stage six occurs during early adulthood. Erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important for developing intimate relationships (Berger, 456). Those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression. Successful resolution of this stage results in the virtue known as love, marked by the ability to form lasting, meaningful relationships with other people. Stage seven occurs in adulthood. The focus is on career and family. Success in this stage leads to a feeling of contributing to the world by being active in the home and community (Berger, 473). Failure to attain this skill leads to feelings of unproductivity and non-involvement in the world. Successful handling of this stage leads to the virtue of care, being proud of one’s accomplishments, watching children grow into adults, develop a sense of unity with your life partner are important accomplishments. Stage eight occurs in old age. Those unsuccessful in this stage feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. They are left with feelings of bitterness and despair (Berger, 530). Those who are successful feel proud of their accomplishments and a sense of integrity. Successful completion means looking back with few regrets, a general feeling of satisfaction, and attaining wisdom even when confronting death. My most favorite stage I have experienced so far is stage seven, Generatively vs. stagnation. This is true because I feel that I have found a job that allows me to contribute to my society and the world in a positive, helpful way. I am able to watch my children grow into wonderful adults. I am proud of all my accomplishments in school, work, and raising my children. I feel a strong sense of productivity that I have not had before. My least favorite stage was adolescence. It was tough having to discover who I was and what I wanted to be. Peers were very important and it was tough trying to fit in and be a part of a group. I would change my stage six, Intimacy vs. Isolation. My father passed away during this time and I was very close to him. So much of me and my sense of self was related to my father and when he died it was like I lost a big part of me as well. It was a very difficult time for me and I felt a great sense of loss. I believe that it has had an impact on my ability to form close, secure, committed relationships with other people. I am most looking forward to continuing in stage seven, Generatively vs, Stagnation. I am enjoying all of my accomplishments and watching my children grow so much that I am looking forward to continuing in this stage. I am dreading stage eight, Integrity vs. Despair because I know there are things and decisions that I will regret as I reflect back on my life. I have learned much and am happy with the majority of my life. Also, during this stage is usually when death occurs and I am not ready to give up my life just yet, I still have some things I would like to accomplish and I want to be around for my children and grandchildren. How to cite Stage of LIfe, Papers

Leading And Managing

Question: Discuss about theLeading And Managing. Answer: Introduction: There are various kinds of leadership styles that are adopted by many world leaders. In this case we shall discuss multicultural and evolution of leadership. Analysis of the Leadership Styles The world today is a global village whereby people can move anywhere with ease. The technological advancements have simplified the modes of travel thus individuals from any part of the world can settle anywhere. In this sense, leaders must understand the kind of subjects that they exercise their influence upon. A leader is assumed to be an ethical and charismatic person but the need to evaluate the people being governed is paramount. (Muna et al. 2010). For instance, there are many dynamics that are taking place in various organisations and nations. The implications of these changes are that the leaders should keep up with the rapid pace to comprehend the details in the evolution of their subjects. More so, they should anticipate the challenges that come with the changes and also utilise the many opportunities that arise from them. (Johnson 2006, p. 333-345) A multicultural leader should be aware of their past and how it drives their perception of current world phenomena. This will compel them to relate their experience to other livelihoods of different parts of the globe. Once they are acquainted with these facts, they should interconnect them in a manner that is coherent with cultural expectations. More specifically we examine the multicultural way of leadership exhibited by Abdul Sattar Edhi, Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi. (Shippy 2009, p. 60-65) Abdul Sattar Edhi was born of poor parents in a humble village. He had an opportunity to care for his sick mother who later died. She had suffered critical mental disorder that led to her demise. The years of devastation were a training experience for Edhi who grew up as a philanthropic personality with a great sense of compassion towards people. He was not so much endowed with money but he did his best to empower others. At some point he engaged his peers to start beneficial programmes but they differed in ideologies, so he pursued his own course. During the colonial era, there were prejudicial tendencies that suppressed women. Edhi launched his foundation that aimed to emancipate them. He began with a single ambulance and later grew the foundation together with his wife and children. He attributes his personality to the Muslim teachings that inculcated good values in him. (Kohler 2016, p. 456-467) Born in 1918, Nelson Mandela was a South African leader who grew up to fight for freedom. The South African country was embroiled in apartheid systems that led to segregation and torture of the Africans. Nelson Mandela was instrumental in the fought against the laws through formation of the African National Congress. (Branson et al. 2011). This movement led to his imprisonment for twenty seven years in the Robben Islands. He inspired other leaders to stand up against forms of discrimination. Nelson Mandela to transform the society to embrace education which he believed would empower them. His influence was felt even while he was in prison because the struggle was kept vibrant by his countrymen. After leaving prison, he rose to presidency as the first black president of South Africa. This country was dominated by different cultures including the whites. Mandela is credited for incorporating all races in his government and he did not act in any way to revenge for the injustices caused upon his life. Some of the whites served in his government. Until today, Mandela has a strong legacy as a transformational leader who is rated among other great world leaders. (Kezar 2008, p. 78-88) Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869 in the northwest regions of India. He was privileged to attend school and later he got married. Gandhi moved to South Africa at the time when apartheid laws were highly effective. While staying there, he witnessed how Indians and Africans were mistreated. At some point he was ejected out of a train on the grounds of race. He later went back to India where he strived to create awareness for his fellow Indians to stand up against British rule. (Ramakrishnan 2013, p. 87-90) There are many lessons that can be derived from Mahatmas multicultural style of leadership. He embraced justice for every individual. He also advocated for value addition in the lifestyle of a human being. Through Mahatma, humanity was upheld because he respected people from all walks of life. (Schein 2010, p. 311-318). He did not put any boundaries between the social strata or occupational diversities. His determination to eliminate development barriers was triggered by the desire to have an enlightened nation apart from just being independent. Comparison of the Leadership Styles The leaders exhibit many similarities in their styles. For instance, all of them had a sense of compassion for humanity and this was the driving force that made them to fight for equality. Another factor that made them similar is the desire to have a society that is free from any form of discrimination. The only difference that comes out is the method applied to fight for the grievances. For instance, Mandela employed violent means while Gandhi was a peaceful demonstrator. In the contemporary economy, Mahatmas system is applicable because he was flexible and willing to learn. Therefore, the system can accommodate the rapid economic changes as well. (Muna et al. 2010). Communication Styles In addition, there were disparities in communication styles. Mandela was locked up in prison hence he communicated through other parties whereas Mahatma gave first hand information to his followers. Edhis style of communication is a little different because the other two leaders were national leaders whereas he was an organisational leader. (Shippy 2009, p. 60-65) In terms of multicultural leadership, the three personalities have been respected across the world. In their biographies, they portray themselves as leaders who have visions. It is true that their success was evident from their initial growth stages. Leadership was a trait that they learnt at the youthful ages and they nurtured it to become world renowned figures. They all have childhood stories that literally pushed them to adopt the courses that now distinguish them. (Branson et al. 2011). Conclusion In conclusion, leadership is not a discipline that can be studied in class. One must possess the innate skill and desire to serve the people. References Branson, M. L., MartiÃÅ' nez, J. F. (2011). Churches, Cultures Leadership: a practical theology of congregations and ethnicities, 9(21), 234-241 Johnson, P. B. (2006). Everyone Is Multicultural: bridging cultural influences for leadership success . New York, iUniverse, 3(6), 333-345 Kezar, A. J. (2008). Rethinking Leadership in A Complex, Multicultural, And Global Environment: new concepts and models for Leadership, 45(5-9), 78-88 Kohler, R. (2016). Optimization Of Leadership Style: new approaches to effective multicultural leadership in ... international, 28(3), 456-467 Muna, F. A., Zennie, Z. A. (2010). Developing Multicultural Leaders The Journey To Leadership Success . Houndmills, Basingstoke, 42(4), 45-67 Ramakrishnan, K. (2013). Managerial Leadership in Multicultural Organisations. [Place of publication not identified], Prentice-Hall, 39(8), 87-90 Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 87(7), 311-318 Shippy, M. A. (2009). Cultural Fluidity Adaptability Factors Of Multicultural Leaders Within The U.S. Business Context . Cincinnati, 12(7), 60-65

The U.S. Toy industry

Nature of the Toy Industry in America The THE U.S. Toy industry encompasses the world largest producer and manufacturer of children entertainment products. According to 2011 financial reports, the global toy Industry generated revenue of $ 78 billion. The U.S toy industry contributed $21.18 billion to this amount, which marks a 2% decline from $21.68 generated in 2010 (The NPD Group, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The U.S. Toy industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This industry can be divided into the two categories of traditional toys and video games (Bryson, Rusten, 2011). According to the NPD tallies for 2011, video games accounted for $ 5,046,000 of the 21.18 billion generated by the toy industry. The major video games products manufactured by the Toy industry include PS2, Xbox, GC, Xbox360, Wii, PS3, DC, N64, PSI and Satum. The traditional toys manufacturing companies generate the largest perc entage of the revenue generated by the Toy industry because it offers a variety of products (Bryson, Rusten, 2011). These products encompass building sets, action figures /accessories, dolls, games and puzzles, infants and preschools toys, outdoor and sports toys, plush, vehicles, youth electronics, arts and craft, pretend play, trading cards and other different toys. 75% of the toy industry revenue in THE U.S. is generated by the top 50 toy companies. The United States Toys Industry Market Segmentation in terms of % share in 2011Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The estimated toy sales trends ascertain the fact that toy sales have been increasing and decreasing depending on the seasonality of the industry. In 2006, the toy industry generated $22.3 billion, which declined to $22.2 billion in 2007. In 2008, the revenue increased to $21.65. This culminated into $21. 47 in 20 09 that marked a decline from the revenue generated in 2008 (The NPD Group, 2011). In 2010 the revenue increased to $21.87, but later decline to $21.18 in 2011. The expected compound annual growth rate of revenues in the toy industry for the next five years encompasses 0.1 % from 2011 to 2016. In this case, the revenue generated by 2016 is estimated as 22.095.8 (The NPD Group, 2011).From this sales trend, it can be ascertained that the sales trends keep increasing and decreasing depending on the seasonal nature of the toy industry. The United States Toys Market Value in $billions from 2007 to 2011 The current operational/ management trends in the toy industry encompass diversity in the types of toy products manufactured, reduction in the need for free-form play toys due to the reduction of time for role-play which calls for increased production of video games, acquisition of small toy companies by the large companies, radical changes in the number of diversified retail and independ ent chains, impacts of changes in technology that culminate into the innovation of newer toy products as well as changes in the business matters, sales, legal, ethical and trade imbalances in the toy industry (Auerbach, 2004). The major marketing avenues utilized by companies in the Toy industry encompass television, magazines, Radio, newspapers, in-store displays, sweepstakes, use of brand name toys, trade show that used in forecasting industry sales, and acquisition of feedback by manufacturers from the retailers as well as the combined effort between the toy producing company and other companies that offer complementary products (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The U.S. Toy industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other marketing strategies utilized by toy producing companies encompass company websites, post-launch reviews, print reviews, pre-launch reviews, special-in sto re promotions, as well as advertising in genre-specific toy magazines (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010). Essentially, large toy companies utilize licensing as a major marketing strategy, because it accords them with leverage in the competitive toy industry. As an addition to the above marketing strategies, many companies have ventured into the Internet-based retail services that enhance the purchase of toys by customers from the manufacturers rather that going through retailers (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010). The toy industry is identified as a seasonal industry. This is because major toy sales are done in the late third and fourth quarters of a year, due to the increase in demand for toys during the winter season. This seasonality definitely affects sales greatly. Early-buy programs are offered by large toy companies to reduce the number of products over demand (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010). During the period that spans over the quarters in which limited revenue is genera ted, such large companies capitalize on the promotion and sale of such non-holiday toys as sports and educational related toys. To some extent the toy industry is sensitive to economic fluctuations. This is because as personal income increases, the retail sales for toys increase (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010). A 1.6% increase in personal income in 2009 culminated into a 3.8% increase in retail toy sales in the same year. Essentially, the toy retail sector is usually more resilient as compared to other companies during a recession, but it encompasses the first industry to recover after a recession. Industry Developments The competition that the Toy Industry has been undergoing from such electronic gadgets as iPods in the ever changing entertainment world has culminated to the development of the industry through various innovations. Green innovations span through the various green initiatives exhibited during the JAR Toy Fair.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such green initiatives as the Erath Friendly Product Zone encompass the major contributions to the green initiatives (Bryson, Rusten, 2011). A good example of this encompasses the Design4Planet program introduced by LEGO, aimed at establishing sustainable product designs that are environment friendly. Various electronic items and video games have been introduced as innovations that can compete with the various electronic gadgets introduced through technological development in the modern world. This is a move that should stir traditional toy industries to think of how they can keep with the competition. Such products of the toy Industry can compete effectively as compared to the traditional toys. Under product innovation, theme based toys and embedded technology has been introduced into the developing toy industry. Under embedded technology, such toys as programmable cars and robotic dog have been introduced. Some companies have ventured into the production of toys based on children stories to increase their sales. Essentially, the toy industry has developed continually by embracing on-line sales of various toy products. The International Council of Toy Industries (ICTI) has always been committed to the promotion of toy safety as one of the major government regulation governing the THE U.S. toy industry while working with standard bodies to improve the safety requirements when producing toys. (International Council of Toy Industries, 2010). In this case, they ensure that toys are produced for particular children categories and they do not pose any risks or accidents to such particular categories. New toys should also be fitted with safety devices that can withstand tear and wear as they enhance the safety of the users. Essentially, as part of the government regulations, the toys producing companies possess the social responsibility of ensuring that all employees engaged in the production of toys, are accorded with favorable working conditions (International Co uncil of Toy Industries, 2011). ICTI organizes annual trade shows in which qualifying companies from all over the world are allowed to exhibit new products. These exhibits are however subjected to various government regulations in terms of exhibit regulations as well as attendance qualifications (International Council of Toy Industries, 2011). Traffic and non-tariff trade barriers exist in the international trade industry. Such are however regulated through various government regulations that ensure unfair trade practices are eliminated from the developing international toy industry. In terms of the consumer market data, 28.2% of the Global market value can be accounted to THE U.S., while 27.8% can be accounted to Europe Global Consumer market value segmentation In terms of consumer market distribution, the leading distributers of toys in the consumer market encompass specialist stores, Hypermarkets, Supermarkets, discounters, department’s stores, general retails as well as other distributors (Bryson Rusten, 2011). 30.7% of the distribution can be attributed to the Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and discounters. Specialist stores account for 52.8%, general retailers account for 6.8%, department stores account for 5.25 while other distributors account for 4.6% as shown by the pie chart below Segmentation of the Toy Distributors in the Consumer Market Competitor Information The modern Toy Industry in THE U.S. is dominated by such leaders as Mattel, Hasbro and JAKKS Pacific. Mattel encompasses the largest toy producing company In America in terms of revenue. Essentially, it encompasses the largest toy manufacturer in the world. In 2010, the company generated $6 billion in net sales and $ 700 million in net income. Mattel produces Barbie dolls, master of the universe, board games, Fisher Price, Hot Wheels, American Girl Dolls and Matchbox toys. Its headquarters are situated in El Segundo, California (Bryson Rusten, 2011). 49% of its Gross sales is accounted for by the company’s international revenue that originates from Europe, Asia and Latin America (Bryson Rusten, 2011). The company was established in 1945, but begun its first Barbie product line in 1959. It gained its fame in the 1960s through its talking dolls production. In 2002, the company closed shop in Africa and transferred its business through outsourcing to China. Hasbro encompasses the second leading toy company In THE U.S. that is engaged in the manufacture of card games, educations games, boards games and other family games. It recorded $4 billion in net sales and $ 400 million net income in 2010. Its headquarters are situated in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, but the major percentage of its products is produced in East Asia (Bryson Rusten, 2011). Its first toy was produced in 1940’s inform of nurse and doctor kits, the company’s first toy that gained popularity in the toy market encompasses Mr. Potato Head that was produced in 1952. Their first action figure, G.I Joe was produced in 1964 and the company’s name was shorted from Hassenfeld Brothers to Hasbro industries in 1968. Currently it encompasses a parent company to various subsidiaries. Apart from the manufacturing facilities owned and operated in Asia, the company operates two manufacturing facilities in East Longmeadow, Massachusetts and Waterford, Ireland. JAKKS Pacific encompasses the third largest toy manufacturing company in THE U.S. whose revenue is generated from the production of toy cars, video games, dolls and action figures (Bryson Rusten, 2011). In 2010, it recorded $ 750 million in net sales and $50 million net income. It was established in 1995 in Malibu California and started to acquire small toy companies up to 2008. It has managed to acquire the third position in the toy market through licensing agreements, strategic acquisitions as well as product development. Competition in the Toy Industry cannot only be limited to the large businesses in the ind ustry; it also spans the competition from other toy producing companies in the world. THE U.S. imports most of its toys from China (Bryson Rusten, 2011). In this case, the American Toy producing companies encounter considerable competition from the Chinese Toy Producing companies. This competition is something to awaken the traditional toy companies, especially the THE U.S. based companies which are facing still competition in the current market. In 2008, the U.S consumption of toys amounted to $24 billion. 85% of this consumption was met by the Chinese toy producing companies. This consumption reduced to $22 billion in 2010, but the percentage met by the Chinese toy companies did not reduce. From the two exhibits below, it can be concluded that though China encompasses the major competitor of the United States toy industry, the Topy Producing companies in U.S still encounter surmountable competition from Toy manufacturing companies in Japan, Mexico, Taiwan, Indonesia, Denmark, Can ada, Hong Kong, Thailand and Germany. U.S Toy Imports vs. Apparent Consumption and Toy Imports from China Top US Import Sources Summary of the Analysis The comprehensive industry analysis of the THE U.S. toy industry has been divided into nature of the industry, industry development and competitor information. Under the nature of the industry, the estimate size of the industry encompasses $78 billion revenue generation by the international Toy industry of which $21.18 can be attributed to the U.S toy industry. In terms of sales trends, sales have been on the decrease from 2007 to 2011 but an estimated 0.1% increase is expected to be attained by 2016. Such operational/management trends as the acquisition of small toy companies can be attributed to the nature of the toy industry. Various marketing strategies that include Internet-based retail services can be attributed to the nature of the industry. The toy Industry in American encompasses a seasonal industry that is affected by var ious economic fluctuations. In terms of industry development, the industry has undergone various innovations and government regulations ion its development course. Essentially, the consumer market data provided ascertains that U.S accounts the highest consumer market value in the international toy industry. Inherently, specialized stores encompass the highest toy distributors in the consumer market. Competitor information ascertains the major businesses in the U.S toy industries include Mattel, Hasbro and JAKKS Pacific. Though Mattel is identified as the largest toy producer in U.S, it is also identified as the largest toy manufacturer in the world. Though these companies pose considerable competition to other toy [producing companies in U.S, toy producing companies from china, Japan, Mexico, Taiwan, Indonesia, Denmark, Canada, Hong Kong, Thailand and Germany also pose surmountable competition. References Auerbach, S. (2004). Toy industry: Past, present and future. The Big Game Hunt er. Web. Bryson, J., R. Rusten, G. (2011). Design economies and the changing world economy: innovation, production and competitiveness. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. International Council of Toy Industries. (2011). Industry information. Web. Little $ King Company, LLC. (2010). The transformational toy manufacturing industry. Web. The NPD Group. (2011). THE U.S. toy industry retail sales generated $21.18 billion in 2011. Web. This report on The U.S. Toy industry was written and submitted by user Juan S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Life Without Colours Essays

Essay on Life Without Colours Essays Essay on Life Without Colours Paper Essay on Life Without Colours Paper Imagine the World without Colours Once upon a time in the kingdom of Jubilee, King Davis was one of the kindest rulers in a thousand years. One day, his family received a letter from their uncle John inviting them to a fun day. With much joy, the family packed their personal belongings and headed for Baskalin, the border between Kingdom Jubilee and Kingdom Wisdom. On the way to Baskalin, the family saw some of the most amazing scenery in all the land. The beautiful turquoise Lake Prince was sparkling in the warm, golden sunlight of the April morning. The sweet smell of the freshly cut yellow grass mixed with dirt met their noses as the carriage moved down the muddy road. Above Lake Prince the sky was crisp and clear with cotton ball clouds painted with sky blue edgings. The fields were a patchwork of colors. Lavender, strawberries and sunflowers beamed at the sun and danced with the lazy breeze. Juicy apples mixed with orange citrus, curly bananas mixed with green papaya. Plump blueberries were ripe for the picking. From miles away, the smell of the rich fruits reached the Kings carriage and stimulated the appetite of the royal family. What a beautiful world! Jubilee Kingdom got its name because the people were always happy and enjoyed their gorgeous environment. The colorful surroundings and the pleasant smell of nature with sweet fruits bought joy to everybody. It was at the very moment that King Davis closed his eyes to enjoy the rhythm of the carriage, that something strange suddenly happened. The melody of birds stopped, the sky turned black and the wind became wild.  What, what is going on! cried the King as he opened his eyes to check on his family.  A thunderstorm is coming Your Highness, please do not worry reassured the carriage driver. It was then that the rain poured down from the sky and everything became covered by fog. The King and his family waited, and waited, and waited until the rain stopped. Finally the sun was back, but everything was changed. The colors were washed away with the rain leaving the world black, white and dull shades of grey. The light of the sun became brighter but the king could not feel the heat. No longer did the sun have a warm yellow glow, instead it turned to blinding white. The King was frightened by the change. He couldnt understand what was happening. All of Kings expectations of the surroundings had altered. He couldnt believe the images that he was seeing. He thought he was seeing an optical illusion created by a change in the light waves, but his family reminded him that this is the reality of Jubilee Kingdom. It is the realm of being that happens in Jubilee Kingdom once every hundred years. The colors were stolen by the evil witch living in Misery Cave. For the next twelve months, citizens of Jubilee Kingdom have to live without color until the evil curse was broken. Everyone including the King found it difficult to adjust. They were no longer able to see after sunset. Everything turned black. During the daytime, people become more dependent on communication and their sense of hearing. Their knowledge source was changed due to the loss of colors. Since people lost their visual perception, they had to double check everything through sound and touch. Never did it occur to the King that Jubilee Kingdom would suffer so much, even the melody of birds turned disturbing, and the sweet smell of juicy fruits turned sour. People no long enjoy living in Jubilee Kingdom. The change in blindness caused a rapid increase in depression and affected peoples emotions. People were used to a beautiful Jubilee Kingdom instead of being locked up in a world without colors. Losing the visual sense and reality made it difficult for people to stay rational thus the organic (human nature) changed from blind trust. As days went by, people had to learn to adapt the environment without colors. Although it was difficult and depressing, they had no other choice. Tourists stopped coming to visit Jubilee Kingdom and farmers could not work properly as all they could see was black and white. Life continued without happiness. Every day people were expecting change and experimented with new methods to make their new life better. Under the new environment, fashion designers redesigned the patterns of clothing with black and white to create new fashions. The lifestyle of people changed little by little, making progress to adapt to the environment without colors. It is true that the quality of living went down but at some point, people had to accept it and ignore the inconvenience. The King and his family were left in the middle of the land with nowhere to go because without colors, the carriage driver couldnt be sure which way to go. They were lost in the middle of their journey. Like everyone else, the King and his family eventually learned a new way of living. Twelve months sounded a long time but when people began to get used to their new routine, the time flew by. On the dawn of the 366th day after the thunderstorm, the evil curse was broken by magical fairy. After a few simple flicks of her wand, the colors were returned to Jubilee Kingdom. Men on the street were busy celebrating the return of color, while woman were busy cleaning up the huge mess that was left over. At first, people were slow to adapt back to a world with colors. They were now used to seeing the days filled with only black and white colors. Things began to return to normal, people with depression were cured without medical treatment. The visual perception became the most dependent and reliable perception that people were using, and auditory perception became less important. Most of all, peoples lives returned to normal. The King realized that it was possible for one to adjust to another environment, the secret is that time is of the essence. After twelve months of delay, the King and his family decided to move on with their journey. Within a few days, they reached Uncle John and had the biggest fun day in the history of Jubilee Kingdom. From that day forward, the King and the people of Jubilee Kingdom enjoyed their colorful surroundings every day and lived happily ever after.  The End.  Knowledge issues:  When the king and everyone lost their sense to colors, they have to adjust to their new life through experience and time. They found it difficult to change the way they lived because it turned out that the people were heavily depended on their sense to colors. There are other factors needed to be taken into account, such as the way the humans brain is not designed to see without colors so this might have mixed up the way our brain functions. I think that youll be able to train you brain to only see black and white, because thats how the ancient people lived inside caves, but it would take time for the transition. That is why when the colors returned, people had to spend some time adjusting from black and white back to colors. The color transition also varies between people because just like the optical illusions, some people were able to see it straight away and some people just could not get it. However, in this case, just because those people could not see the optical illusion, they could still train their brain to become sensitive in seeing black and white. I wonder if this happened to me, what are the ways that I would conquer this disability because loosing the sense to colors isnt the same as loosing the eyesight, and although youre able to see, you cant really see. It would be difficult to distinguish shapes, distance and finding the subjects that youre looking for. I think that it will be a wonderful experience if I could experience it myself for a short period of time.

Essay on Human Rights

Essay on Human Rights Essay on Human Rights Essay on HUMAN RIGHTS: THE RIGHT TO LIFE Alexander, Klint. (2003). The implications of the USA Patriot Act and US counter- terrorism on international human rights law, Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. Amicus Curiae, 2003 (49) With the patriot act as the foundation for his argument, Dr. Alexander Lint looks at different facets of human rights. Basing her arguments further on development studies, human rights, politics and even law subjects, Lint explores the general field of international law in regards to how it applies to human right to life. National as well as international security has been explored as one area where human rights are always under threat. The voice in this peer-review article is that of an authority figure considering that Alexander is a renowned lecturer and scholar. Dr. Lint has worked at the department of political science in Vanderbilt University and is hence highly experienced in the issues of international law and its applications. Alexander provides various accounts including legislations to look at when focusing on abuse of human right to life. He says it is also important to note that in regards to ‘right to life’ there are several legislations that while protecting individual’s right to life, gives exceptions under which someone can lose the right to life. The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms’ (ECHR) article number two holds that â€Å"Everyone rights to life shall be protected by law† (Brian 2002). This means that the article provision is not an absolute law in itself but a right that is subject to several other exceptions. If a person commits a capital offence and is sentenced to death, they definitely lose their right to life. The same article 2 holds that when it becomes necessary to deprive one of his/her right to life to protect another person from an eminent unlawful violence targeted at them, it is legal. This also appl ies when the deprivation to the right of life is executed to prevent a person from escaping lawful custody or even in some cases, preventing insurrections that are being mounted against lawful authorities in a state (Mark 2009). In the event that all these deprivations are done, in a manner that more than necessary force was used then the executed persons stand wronged (Jack 2003). This means that the law enforcement agencies and authorities like the police or the armed forces have a responsibility to prove that they did not use undue force in depriving persons of their right to life. It should be known that several countries across the world today have changed their minds against executing persons, even death raw convicts. It is nowadays common to find persons sentenced for life imprisonment instead of death even for capital offenders. This has been informed by the argument that death sentences are morally bad. The right to life comes in several situations. It is for instance expected that if a person’s right to life is threatened by known persons or factors, the state have a responsibility through its law enforcement agencies to keep the individuals at risk in safety zones all the time. This is regardless of whether such dangers emanate from previous capital offences committed by the endangered persons. The other instance is where a patient seeks medical attention for life threatening condition. The medical personal have a professional responsibility to take care of emergencies and ensure that life is not lost. Finally, the right to life can also be invoked where a person who comes into the country illegally has to be deported (Brian 2002). The deporting state has a legal responsibility to ensure that the country they are deporting the person to do not pose any serious dangers to their lives. The most common form of human right abuses that have been seen in the world today in regards to right to life are in the form of genocides that result from political instability and civil unrest. The International Criminal Court at the Hague have in the past sought to hold political leaders accountable for the mass murders that take place under their watch or as they try to put in place their dictatorial regimes(Brian 2002). The most notable ones include the Rwanda genocide, the mass murders in Liberia and Slovakia. In all these cases, the figures brought before the court for prosecution have been accused of executing people in great numbers for political expediency hence among other charges abusing their rights to life. There are several generations of human rights as documented by human rights organizations such as the United Nations. The first generation rights include among others the right to life. The second generation includes among others the right to health. The third generation includes among others the right to clean water. Human rights in general provide a way in which societies and individuals all over the way shape their behavior towards others. Many countries all over the world use human rights to shape the constitutions and laws of the country. Brasch, W. M. (2005) Americas’ unpatriotic acts: the federal government’s violation of constitutional and civil rights, New York: Peter Lang This book by Brasch was adopted only 6 weeks after the September 11. It stands out as a piece on international human rights especially in the US but also highlights several issues of human rights abuses in other countries across the world. He has brought to the fore matters relating to the human rights abuses in terrorism, the detainees in Guantanamo Bay as well as other human rights to life violations executed in Afghanistan. Professor Brasch Walter has won several awards especially in his area of Journalism. He also has several experiences in the field of human rights and has authored several other books with similar story lines. Brasch brings out the issue of war as perpetuated in America, as a significant are where the right to life is seriously violated. Self-defense has been associated with debates regarding the right to life. Self-defense occurs on the point of attack. During an attack, an individual may choose to defend himself or his property. This may lead to the death of the individual or the attacker. The death of the attacker occurs in light of self-defense. The attacked kills the attacker because of defending oneself. Ethical issues arise out of such killing in such a way that the life of the attacker is also considered sacred and could have been avoided. The life of the attacked is also sacred and many at times, his death occurs in the scuffle. The fact that both lives are sacred brings out a problem in deciding such cases. Whether any of those lives is more important, is of great concern. Such an issue could otherwise be solved using dialogue without involving violence. Since many attackers come in prepared for war, such issues arise and lead to death of one or both of the individuals. War has also brought in an ethical dilemma. Countries go after one another every so often. Examples of major wars that have rocked the world include the world war one and two as well as the cold war. Countries have been taken to court in the present as well as the past over such decisions to attack other countries over security and such other issues they may consider appropriate. Wars usually have casualties in them. Many people killed in wars do not necessarily pose a threat to the security of countries. Wars have led to the death of many civilians. The decision to kill people brings out an ethical concern in that in the first place life is a basic human right. Killing people for whatever reason presents a defying of this immediate right to life. Superpower countries usually retaliate against security threats by going to war with other countries. This leads to the deaths of individuals hence contravening this right. The decision to let go of the desire to go to war is a tough one es pecially when the security of the country matters. Terror gangs kill people using such things as bombs and grenade attacks. Such killings include the organized terror attacks on the twin towers and abduction of personnel in high seas. Retaliating is a good thing since it would be protecting the country against future attacks. The only problem is that it would lead to the death of civilians in such countries involved. Brasch also looks at other perspectives including abortion as areas where basic human right to life has been sacrificed. The right to life is a paramount right. It implies that one has the right to live (Arthur 1955). It implies that the lives of human beings are sacred. The right to life phrase is a belief that all human beings are entitled to being alive. This concept has been associated with many debates on abortion, war, euthanasia, self-defense and capital punishment. The right to life is among other inalienable rights inherent to human beings. The other inalienabl e human rights include the right to liberty and happiness. Several councils and conventions adopted this as a paramount right to humanity linking it to the fact that without life, there would be no one to whom these rights would apply. All other rights come after this. They come after human life. Laws in countries stipulate the importance of human life. Ethical associations of this right are attributed to such aspects as euthanasia, capital punishment, lawful killing of persons, abortion and self-defense among others (Norman 1964). Abortion has been associated with pro life and pro-choice issues. Pro-life issues indicate the importance of the fetus in development of human beings. They are already human. They campaign for keeping of pregnancy to full term. Pro-choice campaigners believe that the right to choose whether to keep the baby or not lies entirely on the mother. Abortion in many developing countries is illegal. Many developing countries on the other hand, have legalized abortion. Abortion covered under such topics as medical issues is acceptable to the society (Malcolm 1977). Mothers under the risk of dying together with their children covered under medical laws allow abortion. This protects the life of the mother. The question arises out of the need to keep the child, as well. Questions that arise include the need to maintain the pregnancy hoping that the child or the mother will not die in the process. Of contention also is the need to keep the child at the expense of the mother (John 2010). The paramount question lies in the importance of the mother over the life of the child. Such debates focus on the mother and the child in such a way that they try to distinguish which of the two lives is better than the other. Pro choice campaigners believe that fetuses are not human beings until they are born. They do not share the same rights as a human being (Rita 1998). Pro choice campaigners thus believe that a mother does not harm the fetus when she expels it from her body. She is not defying any rule of law. Pro-life campaigners believe that conception brings about a human being. This means that during the fetal stage, it is human, and expelling it would be expelling it. Lauren, P. G. (2011) The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. This book is widely acclaimed and the author, Lauren P.G., holds that the issue of human rights abuses throughout the world is not a new thing since it has continued to happen unabated for a long time. Lauren highlights several factors that led to the formation of UPR and HRC. He also looks at various materials that highlight the basis for the formation of the international criminal court and how it functions. Every scholar and learners with focus on international law and human rights would definitely find this reading a compelling piece. Lauren incorporates the works of various human rights figures, NGOs and even activists to reinforce her points and hence perfectly handles the issue of bias. Lauren gives her approach a global take. Finally, there is a general theme of discussions relating to â€Å"The Patriotic act† and how it influences human right to life among others. Lauren is loud on how human right to life has been abused in all areas. He vividly gives an account of euthanasia and how it has violated patient’s right to life. Euthanasia refers to mercy killing. It is the killing of individuals that are already on the verge of death and have no chances of survival. An example of this is in hospital situations where patients are on life support machines (Seamus et al 2000). Parents and kin may decide to have the doctors pull the plug on the life of the patient. This brings criticism from doctors on the hope that the patient will live. This may also happen on the other way where doctors request the parents and kin to pull the pin on the life of their relative. This may be because the doctors find no hope in the recovery of the patient at all. This presents a problem for some people want this to happen, and the others are against it. This is also critical in the debate on human rights in that the right to life is essential to human life. Pull ing out the machines on such an individual contravenes the very reason for protecting life. On the other hand, not pulling out the machines means that the family will suffer the consequences of high medical bills, family and social destruction. The patient will also continue suffering when in the medical equipment. The patient is on the brink of death. This also brings an issue of ethical dilemma where both allowing the death of the patient and not allowing it present two good and justifiable solutions to a problem. The right to life has been looked at from all corners one of which is the medical issue of euthanasia. There is a school of thought that has held that euthanasia, whether looked at from a religious standpoint, legally, morally and even philosophically, betrays the spirit and the letter of human right to life (Mark 2009). This has been centered on two forces pulling in different directions namely an individual’s right to choose to end his/her life with dignity and the other factor, which seeks to uphold the person’s right to life, which remains inherent under any circumstances. This debate has seen the introduction of various legislations like the ‘Rights of the terminally ill act 1995 (NT)† (Brian 2002). This act allowed the terminally ill to request the medical personnel to end their lives. This act did not work for long because after several reviews, the federal parliament amended several legislations that rendered it inoperative. According to the â€Å"Covenant on Civil and Political Rights† (ICCPR) Article 6(1), â€Å"Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life† (Jack 2003). It has however raised serious concerns about the scope and even the arbitrary ending of life. Utilitarian ethicists like Peter Singer, a philosopher, have argued that the right to life goes beyond just being members of the human species. Peter holds that the right to life is grounded on one’s ability to anticipate and therefore plan the future. Article 3 of â€Å"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights† holds that â€Å"Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person† (Jack, 2003). Mathew, P. (2008) Implications of US PATRIOT Act on Human Rights: Analysis Munich: GRIN Verlag. The US â€Å"Patriotic Act’ is the center of discussion in this piece by Mathew Phillip. He holds that because of the highly unconsultative nature of the way the draft was brought to being, it has seriously influenced negatively on freedoms and violations of pertinent human rights of citizens. In the entire piece, the reader gets the impression that Phillip is the right person to talk about human right abuses because of the manner he articulates his ideas. Mathew’s publication comes out as a strong voice against the hanging/murder of death raw convicts on grounds that it violates peoples’ right to life. Legal killing and capital punishment by hanging have been an issue for debate in many quotas (Austin 2002). Death has been the ultimate punishment for such mistakes as treason and killing of people. People stand trial and a jury decides punishment for such individuals. Many countries ascribe to the death penalty. Since time immemorial, many countries have used this method to discipline individuals. The question of whether to give the death penalty has been of concern. Everybody has a right to life. Giving such a punishment contravenes this rule. Not giving this ruling for individuals caught to have killed their fellow human beings brings in a problem as punishment is in an equal manner to his deeds. The question of who judges whom also is of concern. This presents an ethical dilemma to the world of human rights. Conclusion The issues outlined in the quest for the right to life such as abortion, euthanasia, legal killing and others present an ethical dilemma. An ethical dilemma refers to a situation where both options to solving a problem present solutions that are neither bad nor good. Both of them apply although they present certain inclinations that are undesirable. Such issues are hard to deal with. The right to life is paramount in that human beings have only one life to live. Campaigners for this right face problems when dealing with issues pertaining to ethical dilemmas. The application of the right to life is in line with the historical basis, the philosophies surrounding it, the nature and features related to human rights and the implementation of these rights. The right to life organization based in Australia addresses such issues as euthanasia, abortion, adoption and others that relate to the right to life. The campaign it has done about helping individuals realize the importance of children to society and providing options such as adoption of children and counseling qualify it to receive funding. Feel free to buy custom essays on Human Rights topics at professional essay writing company which provides students with custom essays, term papers and research papers written from scratch!

Impact of Culture on International Business Essay - 5

Impact of Culture on International Business - Essay Example In fact, Apple is known for its ability to change the traditional organizational hierarchy that ended up being emulated, especially on not adapting to official business dress code (O’Grady, 2008, p.34). This is a strong indication of a culture with high value for freedom of creativity, expression, and innovation. For many years now, Apple is highly differentiated from other international businesses, especially in the same industry, by having a strong horizontal hierarchy, where hardware engineers, for instance, worked together with interface designers, marketing, and documentation personnel in creating a new innovative and complete product offering (O’Grady, 2008, p.29). Due to its horizontal hierarchy, the social network at Apple is, therefore, predictable, less complex, but at some point, with strong cultural impact. For instance, the high value for freedom of expression allows employees to disseminate substantial information to others. This would be a remarkable source of cultural conflict. In addition, any form of dissatisfaction on the part of the human resource would probably create a fast-pace domino effect due to culture that is strongly adhering to horizontal hierarchy that has a great depth of flexibility, and value for freedom of expression. This, at some point, raises significant concern on increasing individuality even if there is ongoing consensus effort for working as a team. To compensate this risk, it is, therefore, important on the part of the CEOs to maintain their high level of leadership. In this view, there is a strong level of impact on coping with change that would complement with the prevailing complexity that has strong ass ociation with managing organizational culture. The recent culture at Apple Incorporated would be a significant challenge to the next-in-line leaders. If leaders would not be properly acquainted with this kind of culture, just as how Jobs created and made use of it to the fullest,